1) The concept of separation of powers, as articulated by French philosopher Montesquieu, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial, to prevent concentration of power.

2) Cricket, originating in England, is a popular sport played in many countries and is known for its distinctive rules and terminology.

3) Male seahorses are the ones who give birth to their offspring.

4) The Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller during the summer due to thermal expansion.